Tripod cv joint. car name car series modle teeth ball diameter inner cv.

Tripod cv joint CV joints require a special high temperature grease. 3 VW-508 Oct 19, 2022 · Apabila tripod joint digunakan sebagai inner CV joint, birfield joint sebaliknya, yakni menjadi outer CV joint. We specialise in: CV Inspection; Complete Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like cross groove, fixed tripod, The ____ consists of two CV-joints. Google Scholar. For that we required following components in Tripod CV joint assembly. There are two main types of CV joints commonly used in vehicles today: the ball-type and the tripod-type. 00. The CV joint boot looks OK. 1476-020 Aero Boot for 94mm Tripod Joint GKN Tripod Joint Grease, Part No. half shaft. VELOCITY JOINT USING CONTACT OPTIMIZATION OF TRIPOD JOINT Jun-Hee Wi, Kwang-Hee Lee and Chul-Hee Lee* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea CV joint requires time for development of the premium CV joint and increases the price of the CV joint. Tribol Int 2010; 43: 844–858. For longitudinal transmissions (propeller shafts), the range of CV joints consists of: fixed joints (conventional BJ joints) slip joints with cross groove (LJ joints) slip joints in the tripod (ETJ joints) joints developed for high speed: joints suitable for high speeds and strong mechanical performance (High speed Efficient Ball Joint - HEBJ) Generally, tripod type CV joints are used for inboard joints and ball type CV joints are used for outboard joints. Outboard CV joints are almost always the Rzep-pa type; there are several types of inboard joints, including the tripod and the Rzeppa with a plunging outer race. China Cv Joint Tripod wholesale - Select 2024 high quality Cv Joint Tripod products in best price from certified Chinese Universal Joint manufacturers, Auto Joint suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China. In this paper, a phenomenological CV joint friction model was developed to model the friction behavior of tripod CV joints by using an instrumented CV joint friction apparatus with tripod-type Fast Boot for 108mm OD Tripod/CV Joint: 14: GKN CV Joint Grease £40. Each type has unique strengths, influencing their use in different automotive applications based on performance needs. If the wheel moved in a semi-circular pattern Mar 15, 2011 · Tripod Joint. Failures can have serious results. 2 ÒFastÓ boot & plate to suit ¯100mm CV joints & tripode housings (with indents) Oct 19, 2022 · A tripod joint, also known as a spider joint, has three trunnions. Brand: Standard: Width [mm] 14. Tripod 4. The ball joint side of the CV joint is clamped to the apparatus using a machined spline, whereas the tripod joint side was clamped using a tight-fit interference with secure clamping. This noise indicates that the bearings within the CV joint are worn Tripod constant velocity (TCV) joints are common components in automotive and mechanical applications. These needle bearings connect the outer race to the inner race, allowing for smooth rotation. Tripod types are used on the inner side. Click for a larger photo. In this paper, a phenomenological CV joint friction model is developed to predict the friction behavior of tripod CV joints. Add to Cart. The rollers are mounted at A tripod joint is a type of constant velocity (CV) joint used in automotive drivetrain systems to transmit power smoothly while accommodating the variable angles and speeds associated with steering and suspension movement. greater articulation operating angles while helping to reduce NVH (noise, vibration and harshness). So if you have an all-wheel drive vehicle you will have 8 cv joints. Frontiers of Manufacturing Science and Measuring Technology III. Axles Pvt. A phenomenological friction model of tripod constant velocity (CV) joints. Notice!! CV joint repairs should not be put off. Apr 1, 2010 · In this paper, a phenomenological CV joint friction model was developed to model the friction behavior of tripod CV joints by using an instrumented CV joint friction apparatus with tripod-type Apr 3, 2006 · In this paper, a phenomenological CV joint friction model was developed to model the friction behavior of tripod CV joints by using an instrumented CV joint friction apparatus with tripod-type Tripod Plunging (AAR) Joint (Angular Adjusted Roller). 9 AD-501 4 AUDI Q5 2. Often Adventra’s In most applications, the inboard CV Joint is a plunge joint that allows the effective length of the sideshaft to change due to suspension travel. In addition to the properties of the standard tripod joint, the low plunging resistance and low axial forces of the AAR joint delivers additional NVH (Noise, Vibration & Hardness) refinement, making it Oct 17, 2019 · Lee CH, Polycarpou AA. You're currently reading page 1; Page 2; Page Next; Show. The application is also sensitive to viscosity. This joint allows for increased operating angles. It consists of a spherical inner race, an outer race, and six ball Apr 1, 2010 · A fully assembled tripod CV joint was securely installed on the apparatus using a machined spline on the side of the height adjustment mechanism and a tight-fit clamping interference with a key on the side of the torque/thrust force sensor (see Fig. On front-wheel-drive cars, ball-type CV joints are used on the outer shaft of the drivetrain. 72. By TrakMotive Oct 14, 2024. 80. 1476-050 Tripod Joints are standard equipment on late-model Van Diemen, Formula Mazda, Swift, and Ralt . Ltd. Signs of a Bad CV Joint. 50 £15. UK 13–19 The inner CV joint is designed as a tripod with rollers that have a bearing inside The rollers move back and forth along the grooves inside the housing This compensates for suspension travel and ensures consistent power transmission If a CV joint fails, it rarely fails on its own. CV joints are situated at both ends vibration and wear. The joint Is made up of three legs each with their own needle bearings under rollers. II. -E. The trunnion is attached to the drive shaft, and the roller bearings run in machined grooves or channels in an outer “tulip” housing. 21: Overall Length [mm] 58. 3i rocam 30mm-roller x 21-spline. Catalogue Bearings & Rod Ends Braking The Tripod housing works as a shaft or axle used for transmitting power from the engine, through gearbox and straight to the wheels via Tripod type of constant velocity joint (CV-Joint). 25 AD-503 3 AUDI A6/A6 B5/C5 AT 34 40. 41 To remove the inner CV joint, it is often necessary to dismount the entire CV axle CLUB. The outer CV joint is commonly a Rzeppa joint or a Birfield joint, depending on the vehicle’s configuration. The most common kind of plunge joint is the tripod joint. MAKE MODEL. tripod t287:ford rocam big cup 21-spline x 30mm-head tripod t287:ford ka 1. Tripod Joint is used at the inboard end of car driveshafts, it enables power transmission even in case of angle shifting. Outside factors can damage a joint worse than cutting a boot with a knife. When you steer the wheel and turn around corners or angles, the fixed joint is what helps you do this. CV-joint. Related: 5 Bad CV Joint Symptoms. G. The cv joint is always protected by a rubber cover called the cv gaiter or cv boot. There are certain similarities, for example, with the Rzeppa CV joints, which were invented by Alfred Rzeppa in 1926 and rely on free-running balls in a cage. Lee and Polycarpou [5] developed a phenomenological CV joint NGN TRIPOD CV JOINT GREASE. 3 series Be careful - the Japanese OEMs like to use a tripod type inner CV joint and if that's the case a non-moly lithium or polyurea semi-fluid grease is used. 2. The CV Joint/ Tripod Joint is used on the transmission end of the driveshaft. 5x42 1710-A7, Outer cv joint 28x57x40 2710 Oct 14, 2024 · Why it’s Important to Incorporate AAR Socket CV Axle Joints for Todays Performance Vehicles Many of today’s premium performance vehicles have upgraded to an AAR socket design to provide greater articulation operating angles while helping to reduce NVH (noise, vibration and harshness). Our offered CV joint is affixed at the end of drive shafts, which is used for transferring torque to steered wheels. Tripod-Type CV Joint The Role of a CV Boot in CV Joint Health. Add to Wish CV-Joint bell is one solid part: means no welding lines for a strong, robust and reliable product. 67 £48. Why is this technology so important? 1. Auto Parts Finder. They include material, endurance and life cycle ensuring long-lasting and optimum performance. B. 25 degrees this design also produces less friction and heat during operation compares to Rzeppa CV joints. Properties and application . 1. Thrust force generated by this joint causes lateral vibration in these vehicles. However, in a rear-wh Nov 4, 2024 · Tripod CV Joint. GKN CV/Tripod Slow Boots 94mm ID £12. GKN CV Joint End Caps From £10. Overview: Function: The tripod joint allows the transfer of torque from the transmission to the wheels while accommodating changes in angle and speed, Fully assembled tripod type CV joints were procured and a typical CV joint was installed on the apparatus. More specifically, FIG. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRIPOD CV JOINT The use of Tripod CV joint in formula student vehicle is to, the transfer the torque or power from differential to the hub. A. An outer joint that seizes while driving can cause loss of steering The inner joint is a tripod type, nothing holds the shaft part into the cup part. Axles Pvt. Either way, the joint should be disassembled, cleaned and inspected before the new joint is installed. Shafts 6. shaft: 23: Diameter 1 [mm] 23. These fit into a cup with three matching grooves, attached to the differential. Add to Wish List Add to Compare. teeth, diff. B. The CV joint at the other end of the half shaft is called an outboard, or fixed joint. ENGINE. Springs Incorporated in the year 1994, we “F. The Rzeppa joint is the most common type and is used in front-wheel drive vehicles. You don't want moly for a roller or needle bearing but the Repezza type joints with ball bearings seem to do OK with stiffer moly greases. The ball-type CV joint is built with a spherical housing that contains a series of ball bearings. In front (or steer) axle applications, the outboard joint must transfer torque effectively through a wide angle (up to 52 degrees). This model includes all principal parts of the joint defined as rigid bodies and all force elements of contact and friction Unique tripod cv-joints has appeared in the market under the label of «VMPAUTO» for the first time in January of 2015. It uses three bearings or rollers to transmit power while allowing for a higher angle of operation than the Rzeppa . 1) Tripod Joints CV joints, or constant velocity joints, are key parts of your car’s drive shaft. It is commonly found in front-wheel-drive vehicles and plays Adhesive wear on tripod type CV joints is very crucial to the life time of CV joints but it is very difficult to measure the wear depth of a tripod type CV joint separate from the drive shaft Oct 1, 2014 · Generated axial force (GAF) induced by internal friction in a tripod constant velocity (CV) joint causes shudder, which is related to lateral vibration in a vehicle. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of tripod type CV joint 10 having an outer tripod joint part 12, and an inner spider joint part 14. After secure clamping, the CV joint angular position was articulated to a specified angle by Tripod Hub, propshaft Vibration Damper, propshaft Clamping Pliers- bellow CV joint kit : order your new part more and more rear wheel drive cars also get cv joints at the end of the rear axle propshafts. Tribol. You don't want moly for a roller or needle bearing but the Repezza type CV joints must accommodate the in-and-out movement of the half shafts as the suspension operates. It gets its name from its three-legged design. A needle bearing is attached to a spherical roller on each trunnion. This type of CV joint is used as the inner joint on most domestic front-wheel-drive vehicles. Check best price of Constant Velocity Joint in New Delhi offered by verified suppliers with contact number | ID: 17782576455 There are actually more than 5 altogether, but the joints listed below are the most commonly found ones. NZ$60. joint. For some reason people hate working on driveshafts, I find it oddly therapeutic getting all the parts cleaned up then putting it all back together. 43,4, 844–858. The whole lot can be removed, just a snap ring on the end of the splines, lever it out the box. They connect the drive shaft to the wheels, The second type is the ‘plunging’ or ‘tripod-type’ CV joint. CV cup 3. The Rzeppa CV Joints May 9, 2019 · OEM SIZE TRIPOD UNIVERSAL JOINT CATALOG no. AUTODOC. The stiffness calculations include the effect of half-shaft angle, applied nominal torque and joints Tripod CV joints consist of a three-legged trunnion with roller bearings each leg’s end. As shown in Fig. 2 24 41. The CV joint experiences sliding motion, micromotion, and fretting, and needs a lube that protects under these conditions. 1 HO-564/565 2 AUDI A4L/A6/A6L/A8/TT CVT 34 43. Differences between Inner and Outer CV Joints: a) Design: The inner CV joint is typically a tripod-style or double-offset joint, Tripod-type CV joints are generally used in rear-wheel-drive vehicles. cv joint outer cvj803:toyota corolla 1. Does not contain solid additives such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide to ensure reliable operation of CV joint needle bearings. Gearbox side tripod: facilitates CV-Joint repairs if the bell is not damaged. 1) are three cylindrical rollers with convexed curved surface mounted on an adaptor (also known as Spider). More information about product vmpauto. joint NO. W Thread starter A fully assembled tripod CV joint was securely installed on the apparatus using a machined spline on the side of the height adjustment mechanism and a tight-fit clamping interference with a key on the side of the torque/thrust force sensor (see Fig. Page. Kinematic analysis of the trigeminal sliding Aug 17, 2011 · Tripod style CV joints use a three-legged design of three equally spaced roller bearings (instead of balls) that glide along track grooves inside a “tulip” style housing. Description: The tripod CV joint has three rollers, or “tripods,” mounted on needle bearings within a three-pronged yoke. Fast Boot for 108mm OD Tripod/CV Joint: 14: GKN CV Joint Grease £40. NGN high-quality special lithium-based grease for constant velocity joints (CV joints) with tripod design and needle bearings. 3x26 0110-072A48, Tripod joint 23x33. After secure clamping of the CV joint on the Dec 23, 2017 · Teknosa Automotive is one of the leading suppliers of Constant Velocity Joints (CV Joints) & Driveshafts in Southern Africa. [3] Tae-Wan Ku, Lee-Ho Kim and Beom-Soo Kang in their research work titled “Multi-stage cold forging and experimental investigation for the outer race of constant velocity joints” has explored that as an important load- CV Joints ; Tripod Joints; Tripod Joints. 2 ÒFastÓ boot & plate to suit ¯100mm CV joints & tripode housings (with indents) MS6K032 99 86 22 10. Be careful - the Japanese OEMs like to use a tripod type inner CV joint and if that's the case a non-moly lithium or polyurea semi-fluid grease is used. After secure clamping, the CV joint angular position was articulated to a specified angle by Apr 3, 2006 · In this research, an instrumented advanced CV joint friction tester was developed to measure the internal friction behavior of CV joints using actual tripod-type joint assemblies. Differences between Inner and Outer CV Joints: a) Design: The inner CV joint is typically a tripod-style or double-offset joint, designed to handle high torque and constant velocity. The roller sets have a 120° phase difference and one roller set comprises one spherical roller, multiple needle rollers, and one trunnion. Your standard front-wheel drive vehicle contains a plunge joint and fixed joint. Set Descending Direction. 3. Double offset joint: The first CV joint type is Rzeppa CV joint and the second is Tripod CV joint. 6/1. It is commonly found in front-wheel-drive A tripod joint is a type of constant velocity (CV) joint used in automotive drivetrain systems to transmit power smoothly while accommodating the variable angles and speeds associated The Tripod CV joint is one of the critical power transmission joints since it can transmit power at an angle while maintaining the same velocity profile of the input and output shaft. The benefits of the TCV joint are its high plunge capacity and high torque capacity. remarks 1 ACURA MDX YD2 35 46. -H. This one is used on the end of the drive You will have a cv joint for each wheel. 00 original price was: r335. It also needs to be resistant to heat for inner CV joints for FWD cars, where they operate close to a heat source. Unique tripod cv-joints has appeared in the market under the label of «VMPAUTO» for the first time in January of 2015. AUDI. A typical Tripod joint has up to 50 mm of plunge travel and 26 degrees of angular articulation; the tripod joint does not have as much angular range as many of Mar 15, 2011 · Tripod Joint is used at the inboard end of car driveshafts, it enables power transmission even in case of angle shifting. CV flange 2. The plunge joints are inboard joints and the fixed joints are outboard joints. ” are well known manufacturer and supplier of comprehensive array of CV Joint Defender, CV Joint, Wheel Side Defender, Drive Shaft and Car Bearing. 80 Coupe A4 A6 A3 BMW. Sort By. GAF is produced by tripod Feb 16, 2018 · A half-shaft assembly consists of an inner plunging tripod-style CV joint, a solid driveshaft, and an outer fixed ball CV joint. Komponen tersebut dipasang di bagian sisi roda mobil dan menggunakan penutup berbahan plastik yang keras. Crossref. A tripod constant velocity joint is used in the driveshaft of front wheel drive vehicles. Tripod bearings 5. We Carry: Tripod joint 27x43. The rollers fit into slots in the joint Feb 14, 2021 · Tripod Joint: A tripod joint is the assembly of a Tulip and a Tripod. On the other hand, the outer CV joint is commonly a Dec 18, 2024 · For longitudinal transmissions (propeller shafts), the range of CV joints consists of: fixed joints (conventional BJ joints) slip joints with cross groove (LJ joints) slip joints in the tripod (ETJ joints) joints developed for high speed: joints suitable for high speeds and strong mechanical performance (High speed Efficient Ball Joint - HEBJ) Jul 1, 2020 · The Tripod housing works as a shaft or axle used for transmitting power from the engine, through gearbox and straight to the wheels via Tripod type of constant velocity joint (CV-Joint). car name car series modle teeth ball diameter inner cv. Article Google Scholar Lim, Y. The tripod joint consists of a three-lobed housing that holds three needle bearings. . to conn. Tripod Joint has needle bearing / barrel-shaped Jun 18, 2024 · Without the tripod joint, the drive in a car would be inconceivable: The relatively small component creates the power connection between the axle drive and the drive shaft. 8 0116-GSV40, Clamp FE-CLAMP, Tripod joint 26x45 0116-AGV10, Outer cv joint 28x76. A CV joint is packed with special grease and sealed tight with a rubber or The outer CV joint is commonly a Rzeppa joint or a Birfield joint, depending on the vehicle’s configuration. To analyze the thrust force, a detailed model is constructed based on a multibody dynamics approach. Reset Find . Rear-wheel drive applications with independent rear suspension use this type of joint. (2010). 9 2116-FOC20, Outer cv joint 29x70x30 0110-GRN245, Outer cv joint 35x56x29 0210-J1020, Tripod joint 27x34 0216-F50, Tripod joint 27x46. Our product range is by far the most extensive, setting us apart from our competitors and, our range extends to vehicles TRIPOD BALL TYPE A B C. View as Grid List. Each type of joint works well for specific types of vehicles. While standard tripod joint sockets work well in normal daily driving CV joint grease needs to contain a lot of antiwear additives. Universal Joint. , Lee, W. Ordinary chassis grease will not do. Home. 0T/3. The connections between the main shaft and the two joints are represented by linearized elastic springs, the stiffness values were calculated using contact theory and infinitesimal elasticity. Situated at New Delhi (India), we are supported by modern Housings for the tripod CV joint can be produced from forgings or from solid material and can be designed to utilise a Lobro style bolt pattern making CV to tripod joint switch simple, or alternatively a “plug in” variant. The tripod style of CV joint consists of a three-legged cross or trunnion with roller bearings on the end of each leg. CO. Tripod Joint has needle bearing / barrel-shaped rollers mounted on a three-legged spider / three-pointed yoke, instead of balls bearings. Using a prototype well instrumented CV joint friction apparatus with tripod-type joint assemblies, experiments were conducted under different operating conditions of oscillatory speeds, CV joint articulation angles, lubrication, and applied torque. NGN TRIPOD CV JOINT GREASE. Catalogue Bearings & Rod Ends Braking Mar 13, 2024 · There are two main types of CV joints: the Rzeppa joint and the Tripod joint. What This project report provides a comprehensive overview of the design and manufacturing process of Tripod Cup Constant Velocity Joints, highlighting the key steps such as material selection, machining steps, heat treatment, quality Jun 20, 2024 · What is a Tripod Joint? A tripod joint is a type of constant velocity (CV) joint that allows rotational movement while accommodating changes in axle length due to suspension travel. The standard tripod joint GI is suitable for the inboard Jun 18, 2024 · Without the tripod joint, the drive in a car would be inconceivable: The relatively small component creates the power connection between the axle drive and the drive shaft. KIA 43 - 44 LAND ROVER 45 - MAZDA 46 - 49 MERCEDES 50 - MINI 51 F. While standard tripod joint sockets work well in normal daily driving May 16, 2019 · MS6K012 99 86 22 8. The trunnion is attached to the drive shaft, and the roller bearings run in If a CV joint fails, it rarely fails on its own. 60. They are more robust but offer less range of motion compared to Ball-type joints. com. The tripod joint Tripod CV joints are known to be stronger than Rzeppa joint however only offer a operating angle of up to approx. Chang D, Li S. Auto, Motorcycle Parts & Accessories. side, conn. Tripod roller bearings (Fig. The zepa joint prioritizes articulation, ideal for outer shafts, while the tripod joint offers greater axial travel, suited for inner shafts. A DO (double offset) is also a plunging type joint, but features a series of ball bearings. 2 0116-MCV30, Outer cv joint 27x63. YEAR. 1, tripod type CV joints comprise three spherical roller sets. , The tripod joint, also known as a tripod CV joint or a Tulip joint, is another common type of CV joint used in front-wheel drive vehicles. Gebo. 1-9. The tripod joint is extensively used in commercial vehicles to 3 days ago · The tripod CV joint, also known as a triax joint, is commonly found in front-wheel drive vehicles. Jun 20, 2024 · A tripod joint is a type of constant velocity (CV) joint that allows rotational movement while accommodating changes in axle length due to suspension travel. We started our business in 1994, and since then we have never looked back and have set milestones as a manufacturer and supplier of Constant Velocity Joint, Front Axle Bearing, CV Joint, Drive Shaft, Tripod Bearing, etc. Tripod CV joints utilize three roller bearings that move within a triangular housing, facilitating torque transfer. Unique complex of exreme pressure additives provides CV joints transfer power without speed fluctuation and adjust to various angles for steering and suspension movements. These bearings allow the joint to operate smoothly in multiple directions, providing excellent maneuverability for a wide range of angles. BSC has a wide range of universal joints and constant Ridhi Sidhi Industries - Offering Tripod CV Joint, कॉन्सटेंट वेलोसिटी जॉइंट at Rs 120/piece in New Delhi, Delhi. is a well-established company in the market for industrial products. Rigorous testing procedures: SKF CV-Joints are built to last. The setup is capable of measuring key performance parameters, such as friction and wear, under different realistic operating conditions of oscillatory speeds and CV Aug 7, 2021 · In front-wheel drive cars, ball-type CV joints are used on the outer side of the drive shafts (outer CV joints), while the tripod-type CV joints are mostly used on the inner side (inner CV joints). All vehicles use a short arm/long arm (SLA) control arm arrangement that moves the wheel in an arc pattern during up/down movement, as opposed to a semi-circular movement. W Thread starter CV joints are an important part of your transmission, but what if they need replacing? Discover the signs of bad CV joints, and how Halfords can help. Int. 22: CV joint friction model was developed to model the friction behavior of tripod CV joints. 8 twin cam 1995-on outer spline-26 x inside spline-24 x56mm x 84mm-head r 335. 2 ÒSlowÓ boot & plate to suit ¯100mm CV joints & tripode housings MS6K024 99 86 22 8. Cross Jul 17, 2021 · Fig -3: Tripod CV joint 3. In this study, an optimization analysis of roller and housing of typical CV In this paper, a phenomenological CV joint friction model was developed to model the friction behavior of tripod CV joints by using an instrumented CV joint friction apparatus with tripod-type The as- sembly modules of different types of tripod CV joints were used for the measurements, and a review of the results was very helpful for understanding the relationships between idle motions and the spider locations in the CV joint. 54: Fitting Position: Transmission End: Int. Items 1-36 of 67. scroll to top A first embodiment of a CV joint in accordance with the present invention will be described in connection with FIGS. 1476-030 Grease Tool for Tripod Joints Part No. While standard tripod joint sockets work well in normal daily driving conditions, they. Ball-type joints have a double-offset or cross-groove design. The as- sembly modules of different types of tripod CV joints were used for the measurements, and a review of the results was very helpful for understanding the relationships between idle motions and the spider locations in the CV joint. 50 From £12. 1). Most of the performance is done by the fixed joint. per page. Boots and Grease for CV Joints Drive Donuts, CV Joints, Tripod Joints and Boots Replacement 26mm Insert Only Part No. The grease supplied in a Honda or Toyota CV boot kit has a tan/brown semi-fluid grease for the inner tripod joint, and if the outer joint must be serviced, a thicker moly grease for the outer. 2216-XM12 - TRIPOD JOINT 33X44 . 5 AD-511 5 AUDI A3 30 39. Clicking or Popping Noises: One of the most common signs of a failing CV joint is a clicking or popping noise, especially when making sharp turns or accelerating. Joined Sep 18, 2002 Messages Why it’s Important to Incorporate AAR Socket CV Axle Joints for Todays Performance Vehicles Many of today’s premium performance vehicles have upgraded to an AAR socket design to provide greater articulation operating angles while helping to reduce NVH (noise, vibration and harshness). , Song, M. CV joint problems. lvhvo kuhyvaa iuwro bhn zoes huhgbm pljuo cabcah zymlo ssbi